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Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) - Norfolk Island (2002)

Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) z Norfolk Island (2002)

 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)Norfolk Island (2002)
 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)Norfolk Island
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (territory of Australia)
Age structure 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA%
0-14 years: 20.2%


15-64 years: 63.9%


65 years and over: 15.9% (1996)
Agriculture - products fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry
Airports 5 (2002) 1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 3


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
-
Area total: 12,173 sq km


land: 12,173 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
total: 34.6 sq km


land: 34.6 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues: $66.2 million


expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
revenues: $4.6 million


expenditures: $4.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92/93)
Capital Stanley Kingston
Climate cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate subtropical, mild, little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 1,288 km 32 km
Constitution 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 Norfolk Island Act of 1979
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island


conventional short form: Norfolk Island
Currency Falkland pound (FKP) Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $NA $NA
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force none
Economic aid - recipient none $NA
Economy - overview The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost. Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.
Electricity - consumption 15.19 million kWh (2001) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 16.33 million kWh (2001) NA kWh
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
Environment - current issues overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster NA
Ethnic groups British descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians
Exchange rates Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.67 (2002), 0.69 (2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA)


cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Anthony J. MESSNER (since 4 August 1997)


head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001)


cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator


elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 29 November 2001 (next to be held by December 2004)


election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - NA%
Exports NA (2001) $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY91/92)
Exports - commodities wool, hides, meat postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados
Exports - partners Spain 76.2%, UK 9.2%, US 7.1% (2002) Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 July - 30 June
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band
GDP purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate NA% NA%
Geographic coordinates 51 45 S, 59 00 W 29 02 S, 167 57 E
Geography - note deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season most of the 32-km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated
Highways total: 440 km


paved: 50 km


unpaved: 390 km (2002)
total: 80 km


paved: 53 km


unpaved: 27 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports NA (2001) $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)
Imports - commodities fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing NA
Imports - partners UK 57.9%, Spain 19.8%, Italy 16.7% (2002) Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries fish and wool processing; tourism tourism
Infant mortality rate total: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.6% (1998) NA%
International organization participation ICFTU none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 2 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions
Labor force 1,100 (est.) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) tourism NA%, subsistence agriculture NA%
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages English English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
Legal system English common law based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor


elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 29 November 2001 (next to be held by December 2004)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
Literacy - NA
Location Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Map references South America Oceania
Maritime claims continental shelf: 200 NM


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) none (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% -
National holiday Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) Pitcairners Arrival Day, 8 June (1856)
Nationality noun: Falkland Islander(s)


adjective: Falkland Island
noun: Norfolk Islander(s)


adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
Natural hazards strong winds persist throughout the year typhoons (especially May to July)
Natural resources fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss fish
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders none; all independents none
Political pressure groups and leaders none none
Population 2,967 (July 2003 est.) 1,866 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.44% (2003 est.) -0.69% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Stanley


note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988
none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 2,500 (1996)
Railways 0 km 0 km
Religions primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist Anglican 37.4%, Uniting Church in Australia 14.5%, Roman Catholic 11.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.1%, none 12.2%, unknown 17.4%, other 3.9% (1996)
Sex ratio - at birth: NA male(s)/female


under 15 years: NA male(s)/female


15-64 years: NA male(s)/female


65 years and over: NA male(s)/female


total population: NA male(s)/female
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
general assessment: adequate


domestic: NA


international: radiotelephone service with Sydney (Australia)
Telephones - main lines in use NA 1,087 (1983)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 0 (1983)
Television broadcast stations 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service)


note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (1998)
Terrain rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate full employment; labor shortage NA%
Waterways none none
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